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Exploration of the “harmony” in Confucian classics and its origin of civilization
——Taking “Treasures” as an example
Author: Fang Chaoying
Source: Author Authorized by Confucian Network
� The publication time was reduced: Confucius was in the 2570th year of Gengzi, Bingyin, April 1st day of Bingyin
The difference between “inclusiveness civilization” in the East is that people in the East are accustomed to “harmony” as common performance, while Chinese are accustomed to “harmony” as a sense of spirituality. The formation of this difference is related to the life view of Chinese people and the universe view, that is, in Chinese civilization, the world is only designed to be “this one” and at the same time, people are designed to be harmonious between body and mind, rather than the tension between spirit and flesh. It is precisely this unique view of life and universe that makes “harmony” one of the key points of Chinese civilization.
【Keywords】Harmony and Gift Notes
【Author】Fang Chaoxiu Department of History of the Qing Dynasty College of Humanities
Since ancient times, Chinese people have not only sought harmony between man and heaven (harmony between man and nature), but also attach great importance to harmony between man and man, and also pay attention to the sum of oneself (including harmony of heart, harmony, etc.). In addition, Chinese people even believe that “Liuhehehehehe” (“Letter Notes*Monthly Order”) and “Guaranteed Harmony” (“Yi*Qian*Tu”) are the laws of heaven. Therefore, all the “harmony” seekers in man are to respond to the way of heaven. In modern Han, it is very common to have artistic, essay, verb group composed of “and”. “He” can be one of the focus values in Chinese people’s daily life and energy pursuit. The academic community has discussed Confucian “harmony” thinking, but it has carefully examined its original meaning and especially its polymorphism in the pre-Qin classics from the text itself. The picture of this article is published from “Travels”, which assesses the diverse implications of “and” in the previous Confucian classics, and proposes to explain how to understand it from the perspective of differences between China and the West.
1. The source of harmony: He Xiao 间
As many scholars have discovered, the word “六” in the world-class literature has many sources of divergence, and its late circumstances include He Xiao, Xiao, and Yan. [1] The Qing Dynasty money sir pointed out:
The sum of the zither is used as a croaker, and the sum of the soup is used as a croaker. [2]
Now the note: “Hi”, from the sound of the dragon and the hei, this refers to the sound of the music (“Speaking the Literature *Hi”). This character is very old and is seen in oracle bone inscriptions. “Speech” also said: “The dragon is the bamboo tube of music, and the three holes are used to harmonize the sound of the whole world.” The dragon oracle bone inscriptions, “just like the musical instrument of the penis”[3]; Li Shoukui believed that “the ” on the mouth of the pipe is the shape of a human mouth, that is, the inverted word “mouth” is opposite to the bamboo mouth, and it expresses that it is a playable musical instrument.” [4]
Another source of “harmony”, from the sound of the dish and the sound of the rice. “Speech”: “Liu means to adjust the taste”; “Harmony must be in the vessel, so it comes from the dish” (Duan’s) [5]. Duan Yucai pointed out:
The sound is called 黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄黄� Now, when we move together, we will all be gone. [6]
If you say “Hong” refers to “Hong” and “speak” means “Speak” (see “Yang” in oracle bone script. “Speak”: “Yang means “speak”), the word “he” in style since Han gradually covers the basic meaning of these three characters.
But although he and Xiao were gradually replaced by the word “he” in later generations, later generations did not know their original meaning, but they could still find out from the literature that the word “he” is often used to refer to the sum of the music or the sum of flavor. For example, we found that it is similar to harmony in Eastern languages from musical harmony [7], the “harmony” in Han Dynasty has many of the sums of music in the pre-Qin period. In “Lecture Notes”, the word “he” appears 41 times, accounting for more than one-third of the total number of the word “he” in “Lecture Notes”; in the entire “Lecture Notes”, “he” refers to the sum of music 30 times (including voice and music), accounting for more than one-quarter of the total number of the word “he” in “Lecture Notes”. (See Table 2) [8] Another main phenomenon is taste and harmony. Although the number of taste and harmony is not as many times as the number of times, it is also quite a lot (the “Travel” appears 10 times in total), and its meaning is very important. For example, “The Twenty Years of Zhaogong of Zuo” and “The Chinese Language and Zheng Dynasty” respectively record “harmony but differences” and both talk about “harmony but differences”. When contacting “The Chinese Language and Zilu” “correcting people but differences”, it can be seen that “weihe is very important for understanding the meaning of “harmony”. Now I understand that the reason why this situation occurs can be related to the source of harmony.
2. Use of harmony
The following list shows the occurrence of “harmony” in the Thirteen Confucian dynasties (except for the different times such as lost people’s names, place names, and instrument names):
Table 1 “harmony” in the Thirteen Confucian dynasties [9]
Sequence
Book name
times
1
Zhouyi
13
2
Shangshu
31 [10]
3
People
12
4
The sacred ceremony
2
5
Zhou Rong
4 6 [11]
6
Gift Note
111 [12]
7
Left-handed
76 [13]
8
Rams
1 [14]
9
Guliangye
1 [15]
10
Xiaozun
4
11
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。 >3
13
Lya
9
14
Total
317
From the above, the word “he” appears 317 times in the thirteenth period; among them, the number of times “he” appears in the thirteenth period, reaching 111 times, exceeding one-third of the total number of times in the thirteenth period. In addition to “Travel Notes”, “harmony” appears in various fields, followed by “Zuo Zhuan”, and “Zhou Rong” and “Shang Shu”. For all other books, only “The Book of Changes” and “Penyi” have exceeded 10 times.
Analyzing the emergence of the “harmony” of each article in “Talk”, it was found that among the 49 articles of “Talk”, “harmony” appeared in 23 articles. The article “Lectures” appears 41 times, accounting for more than one-third of the total. In other articles, those who appear more than 5 times only have “Sacrificial” and “Dunyi”, which are both 7 times; those who appear 5 times include “Sandalwood Bow”, “Greenware”, “Suburban Special Lives”, and “Inner Cats finally calm down and fell asleep obediently. 5 articles: “The Doctrine of the Mean”; the number of occurrences is 1 time is “Mingtang Position”, “Confucius’s Residence”, “Commentary”, “Three Years Questions”, and “Recruitment Issue”; the number of occurrences of other articles is 2-4 times. See the following table (Arabic numbers are the number of occurrences):
Table 2 “Harmony” in “Travels”
Title
Times
Category
Original text
Issue of Henoy
Dangong
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